How to Read Tyre Markings and Choose the Right Tyre

Changing tyres involves more than selecting a size that “fits” the wheel rim. A tyre sidewall carries a wide range of details, including its dimensions, construction, load capacity, maximum speed and even particular approvals.

Understanding these figures, letters and symbols makes it easier to ensure you select the correct tyre for your car. Here is what they mean.

How do you read tyre sidewall markings?

If you have ever looked closely at a tyre, you will have noticed the various letters and numbers moulded into its sidewall.

Using the image below and the markings shown as an example, the key sequence to consider when choosing a set is the one indicated by numbers 1 to 6: 225/45 R18 95H. The other markings may be checked less often, but they also provide important information.

Another especially important marking for tyres intended for snowy conditions is 3PMSF. Shown as a mountain with three peaks and a snowflake, this symbol identifies tyres certified for use in severe snow conditions.

Unlike the M+S marking, which on its own does not require a standardised snow-performance test, 3PMSF can only be displayed when a tyre meets the requirements set for this type of use.

The new tyre label

In addition to the information on tyre sidewalls, tyres sold in the European Union carry a label that makes it simple to compare certain characteristics. Its three main criteria are fuel efficiency, wet grip and external rolling noise.

Fuel-efficiency and wet-grip ratings range from A to E. External noise is graded from A to C and is accompanied by its decibel value.

Rolling resistance determines the fuel-efficiency rating. The lower it is, the less energy is needed to keep the tyre rolling. In practical terms, a more efficient tyre can help cut fuel consumption or extend an electric car’s range.

For wet grip, the rating indicates how the tyre performs when braking on a wet surface. Class A represents the best performance on the scale, while E is the lowest level.

External rolling noise is displayed in dB(A), alongside an A-to-C rating. It is important to understand that this figure refers to the noise generated by the tyre outside the vehicle. It is not a direct measurement of the noise heard by occupants in the cabin.

Where applicable, the label may also show snow-grip and ice-grip symbols. At the top, there is also a QR code that allows you to view the information sheet for that tyre in the European EPREL database.

Which tyre should you choose?

The European tyre label is a useful comparison tool, but it should not be used in isolation. Above all, it is essential to make sure the selected tyre has the dimensions, load index and speed rating suitable for the vehicle.

Although weather conditions in Portugal do not generally warrant winter tyres, they may be worthwhile depending on the region, how the vehicle is used or the countries you regularly travel to.

Tyres are your only connection with the road. It is worth taking a few minutes to understand what all the markings mean, so that you can choose the right tyre for your car.